Officials in Astana need to focus on meaningful localization if they want Kazakhstan to build a successful civil nuclear industry.

How is Kazakhstan reshaping the nuclear industry? With advanced uranium mining and joint ventures, Kazakhstan supplies 40% of the world's uranium, fueling China’s nuclear expansion and reshaping geopolitics. Yanliang Pan unpacks Kazakhstan's pivotal role in China’s nuclear growth and its impact on international energy dynamics.

Kazakhstan has leveraged its natural uranium resources to hold the reins in its nuclear fuel–related dealings with China.

If the pandemic has highlighted one source of friction in Russia-China relations, it is inadequate governance.