China, Russia, and the United States face the difficult task of maintaining the following aspects of trilateral nonproliferation cooperation: limiting vertical growth of nuclear forces, preventing nuclear proliferation in new countries, and enhancing barriers against terrorists’ use of nuclear weapons.

Moscow, Washington, and Beijing hold dissimilar and sometimes opposing views on several security issues, including ballistic missile defense, strategic conventional weapons, and the INF Treaty.

Opposing views on issues like ballistic missile defense and tactical nuclear weapons complicate, but should not preclude, trilateral security cooperation between Washington, Beijing, and Moscow.

Today, the Russia-U.S. security relationship has both areas which will not likely see advances and opportunities for progress.

India, China, and Russia are all set to play a major role on the global stage throughout the rest of the twenty-first century. The relationships between the three nations are complex, however, with opportunities for cooperation in areas of convergent interests often being hamstrung by long-standing disputes and rivalries.

Cooperation between the United Starts and Russia on ballistic missile defense (BMD) remains unlikely.