The Political Economy Program will analyze the different crises afflicting the region, examine the politics of austerity and inequality, and review the adjustment and transformation challenges many economies are facing.

In Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, conflict and instability endure in contested border regions where local tensions connect with regional and global dynamics. The Asia Foundation, the Rift Valley Institute, and the Carnegie Middle East Center are working together to better understand the causes and impacts of conflict in these border areas and their international dimensions, support more effective policymaking and development programming, and build the capacity of their local partners to leverage research to advocate for peaceful change.

Countries in the Middle East and North Africa have been witnessing a resurgence of the uprisings that had swept the region in 2010 and 2011. Many experts described what was called the Arab Spring as a failure, with countries descending into conflict or reverting back to autocratic tendencies, while populations abandoned protest squares. Yet with the unwillingness of Arab governments to tackle the many sources of dissatisfaction at home, citizens have returned to the streets to demand good governance and economic opportunities in twelve of the 22 Arab countries. Carnegie scholars in Beirut and throughout the region offer their analyses of this new wave of protests, explaining its causes, characteristics, and consequences for the politics, economies, and security of the countries involved, and for the broader region in general.

The Program on Civil-Military Relations in Arab States (CMRAS) is an initiative to develop policy tools, build civilian and military expertise in defense affairs, and enable civil-military dialogue. It aims to foster civilian oversight of defense sectors in Arab states, and to support the modernization and professionalization of Arab armed forces. Key stakeholders include defense sectors, academic networks, civil society and research organizations, government officials, the media, and parliamentarians.

The evolving conflicts in the Arab region have been the cause for the world’s largest waves of migration and displacement since World War II. Carnegie scholars in Beirut, Brussels and Washington unpack the consequences of the refugee crises on Europe, and their implications (the Syrian refugee crisis in particular) on the politics, economy and security of the Middle East.

Lebanon is facing a series of simultaneous financial, economic, and political shocks. The country stands at a critical juncture, as hundreds of thousands of Lebanese have fallen under the poverty line in recent months. The protest movement that began in October 2019, following the previous government’s decision to raise taxes, is regaining momentum in spite of the lockdown from the coronavirus pandemic. The Carnegie Middle East Center will offer analyses of the multiple crises afflicting Lebanon, explaining their causes, characteristics, consequences, and potential solutions.

The conflict in Gaza shows no signs of ending, with possibly significant repercussions not only for Palestine but also for the broader Middle East. Carnegie scholars explore the continuing conflict.