This paper highlights and analyzes how specific iCET deliverables have served as a forcing function within India for deregulation, administrative pivots, and decisionmaking less common in India’s past. Equally, it assesses how iCET outcomes have reshaped the way political leadership and U.S. bureaucracy deal with questions on export controls and critical technology partnerships. It also outlines new areas of cooperation that could define the iCET calendar over the next twelve months as a new administration will be sworn in to the White House.

An Israeli response to Iran’s October 1 attack is imminent. The key question is of its intensity and potential fallout, both within Iran, in terms of nuclear security policy changes, and across the broader region. The coming days are likely to reshape West Asia irreversibly.

This article explores the global debate on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), highlighting the convergences, complexities, and differences within and beyond the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on LAWS. It further examines India’s key position at the GGE and the probable reasons behind them.

Since its launch nearly a year ago, the INDUS-X has marked many milestones in the India-U.S. relationship. Much has been achieved, but there is room to further enhance defense cooperation between the two countries in the coming years.

This working paper presents an alternative approach to DPI deployment: the “DPI as a packaged Solution” (DaaS) model. It is a new way to think about rolling out solutions that incorporate the DPI approach at scale and speed.

Shruti Sharma contributed a chapter focusing on biotechnology and its crucial role in developing and producing biological weapons. Given the dangerous potential of biological agents, she argued that it is necessary to strengthen the norm that biotechnology will be used only in non-harmful ways.

This paper examines the reasons why existing agreements and measures between India and China to preserve peace and tranquility along the LAC were not entirely successful, how both sides may deal with border stabilization in the post-2020 scenario, and the possible options for India to build back a framework for peace and tranquility along the border areas.

In 2023, the Ideas and Institutions newsletter from Carnegie India's Political Economy team sent out forty-eight essays. This year-end roundup features those essays that the writers of this newsletter consider the best of the year.

Carnegie India scholars review key outcomes from fifteen ministerial meetings. These include fourteen outcomes under the Sherpa Track and one under the Finance Track.

The increasing ubiquity of encryption as a tool for protecting communication has led to increasing calls for developing technical solutions to weaken it for law enforcement and national security purposes. This paper examines different solutions that have been proposed in the context of India’s specific imperatives for seeking access to encrypted communications.