Creating an Effective Female Police Force

As women’s safety continues to be a pressing concern for India, addressing issues of law and order is key to creating safer environments for women. Recent government data highlights that women comprise less than 10 percent of India’s total police force. Without effective policing structures and capabilities, cases against those who commit violence against women are harder to resolve.

In the second Anahita Speaker Series session of 2020, Manjari Jaruhar drew on over three decades of experience in the Indian Police Service to decode how we can create an effective women police force. The discussion was moderated by Upasana Sharma.

DISCUSSION HIGHLIGHTS

• Systemic Challenges: Participants discussed the various challenges that women face in the police force. They noted that while men and women in the police have to pass the same rigorous trainings and standards, women are often assigned administrative jobs, while men are given field jobs. Field jobs require officers to be physically fit, tough, and able to work long hours under pressure, qualities typically attributed to men, they noted. Participants highlighted a skewed perception within the police force that women are less likely to work long hours and are not physically and mentally capable of handling field postings. Such biased perceptions of women can hinder their participation and make it difficult for them to advance in the police force, explained participants. They also noted, one way in which women have broken these perceptions, is by excelling at their duties, thus demonstrating to their male counterparts and the larger system that they can carry out their police duties as well as their male counterparts.  
• Importance of Women in the Police Force: Participants observed that police stations with women officers at the helm see a higher number of crimes reported. Participants agreed that women continue to remain hesitant while reporting crimes, due to the fear of being mistreated or judged  unfairly by police officers. Participants suggested that one way to increase women reporting crimes is to increase the percentage of women in administrative roles. As law enforcement roles are changing, participants emphasised the need for training women officers in soft skills. For example, previously Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) officers were only deployed in hazardous industries, and in remote and difficult locations, whereas now they play an active role in administrative roles at airports, metro stations, and government offices, they stated. 
• Need for Representation: Participants noted  that while the Indian government mandates thirty three percent of reservation for women at all levels of service, the Indian police force has yet to reach this level of representation. Participants deliberated that women have been discouraged from a career in the police services, as it is a profession that is often considered unsafe and challenging for women. Participants observed that gradually, there has been a change in people’s mindsets as women officers excel in this field. Participants discussed the differences that exist in the experiences of women police officers in India and other conflict ridden countries like Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, a challenge women police officers face is lack of respect from their male counterparts and the general public as it is socially unacceptable for women to work in male dominated fields, they stated. 
• Succeeding in the Police Force: Participants encouraged women in the police force to be aspirational and not give up when faced with challenges. They emphasized the need for women to have a support system of family, friends, and neighbours to help overcome obstacles. They elaborated the crucial role played by mentors to help women succeed in the police force. They noted that due to the unfair treatment of women in the police force, women officers tend to ask for concessions like change in training patterns or change of postings etc. Some participants felt that while few concessions are necessary, too many can  lead to women relying on concessions in order to do their job. Participants accepted that this feeds into the negative stereotype that women are incapable of doing the same jobs as their male counterparts. Participants highlighted the diverse experiences, perspectives, and skills that women police officers bring to each of their postings. 

This event summary was prepared by Somya Singh, a research intern at Carnegie India. 

Speaker

Manjari Jaruhar

Manjari Jaruhar is among the first women police officers in India and the first from the state of Bihar. She retired as the special director general of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) in October 2010 after a distinguished 34-year career in the Indian Police Service (IPS). She has held positions in the state governments of Bihar and Jharkhand, the National Police Academy (NPA), the CISF, and the Central Reserve Protection Force (CRPF). Currently, she is an adviser to Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) based out of New Delhi and to the committee on private security industry in the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) after heading the vertical for five years. She is the recipient of the government of India’s police medal for meritorious service and the President’s police medal for distinguished service.

Moderator

Upasana Sharma

Upasana Sharma is a research assistant at Carnegie India.